Speaking at the Seventh Manned Spaceflight Conference in Beijing, officials including Wang Xiang, chief designer of the lunar exploration program, gave the most publicly detailed outline yet of the missions leading to a crewed landing "before 2030." The approach will use a lunar-orbit rendezvous, similar to NASA's Apollo program, but because China lacks a rocket as powerful as the Saturn V, the crew and the lander will launch separately.
NASA is targeting a crewed landing by 2028, roughly a year ahead of China.
The US has a more established rocket and crew capsule in the Space Launch System and Orion, but the lunar lander remains a major question: SpaceX and Blue Origin hold multibillion-dollar development contracts, and depending on progress, a US landing could slip to 2030 or later.
Outsiders can see little of China's technical milestones, but the program appears to be making credible progress.
In August 2025, the China Manned Space Agency tested a high-fidelity mock-up of its 26-ton Lanyue lander near Beijing, using tethers to simulate lunar gravity.
A Long March-10 test vehicle also flew a low-altitude test from Wenchang on February 11, 2026.
The plan, at least for now, leaves out a crewed mission that flies to the Moon and returns without landing, like Apollo 8 or Artemis II. The Mengzhou spacecraft is still expected to carry astronauts closer to Earth on trips to Tiangong, China's low-Earth-orbit space station. The Mengzhou for a 2027 test has arrived at the Wenchang launch site in Hainan, where it will fly atop a Long March 10A rocket. In the US, NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman has been given broad latitude to streamline Artemis, canceling the Lunar Gateway space station and planned Space Launch System upgrades. He has also announced plans to help Blue Origin by finding a way to boost Orion into low-lunar orbit. Beyond the near-term race, both countries are building capabilities for a long-term presence at the Moon's South Pole, and Isaacman has committed NASA to developing a surface base over the next decade.